Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anna Čermáková Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Author-Name: Libuše Walterová Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics, Prague Author-Name: Dagmar Parmová Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Title: Analysis of the development of convergence criteria from Maastricht Abstract: The authors oriented their research work by the modelling of the development of inflation rates, discount interest rates, general government gross debts in the EU-Countries with the aim to estimate their position from the view of fulfilling of The Maastricht Agreement and their possible development in the next years. From the modelling techniques there were used the methods of classical modelling - Quassi Newton and Hooke-Jeeves iteration methods - as well as the methods of exponential smoothing and forecasting. The criterion for the suitability of the model was the Mean Squared Error. Keywords: Maastricht Agreement, convergence criteria, development, prediction Journal: Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis Pages: 4-12 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 1998 File-URL: http://acta.ef.jcu.cz/artkey/aub-199802-0001_analysis-of-the-development-of-convergence-criteria-from-maastricht.php File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.ef.jcu.cz/pdfs/aub/1998/02/01.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:boh:actaub:v:1:y:1998:i:2:p:4-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Pourová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Title: Czech agriculture and food industry before integration to EU Abstract: The paper covers current state of the Czech agriculture and food industry before its integration to EU. The opinion survey among experts, politicians and various business managers shows, that the Czech agriculture has stabilized after the processes of transformation of ownership rights and transition to a liberal market on its own account. The level of capital has been drained, businesses are heavily indebted, profitability is negative, positions at international markets have been lost. Farmers problems arise from inadequate prices of agricultural produce, bad payment discipline of the buyers, etc. Food industry in CR shows tendency to fast reclassification and competitiveness enhancement demonstrated in concentration and rationalization with the aim to catch up with developed countries of EU. It is supposed that development in the Czech agri-food sector will show continuing fast concentration of production, processing and retailing structures. To evaluate impact of future integration of the Czech Republic to EU from the viewpoint of agriculture is currently very difficult. Keywords: The Czech Republic, agriculture, food industry, problems, solutions, integration to EU Journal: Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis Pages: 12-19 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 1998 File-URL: http://acta.ef.jcu.cz/artkey/aub-199802-0002_czech-agriculture-and-food-industry-before-integration-to-eu.php File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.ef.jcu.cz/pdfs/aub/1998/02/02.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:boh:actaub:v:1:y:1998:i:2:p:12-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Věra Trnková Author-Workplace-Name: The Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic Title: Demographic structure in agriculturally problem districts of the Czech Republic Abstract: In regions there is demonstrated the different extent of the adaptability to new market conditions, and, therefore, it is necessary to identify those problem regions, to consider carefully and to evaluate their potential for the needful structural and social changes. It is, proceeded from the assumption the housekeeping is limited in such determined areas and the social interest for the holding of settlement in such areas exists, with the precondition of acceptable condition of life for their inhabitants. It is more and more obvious the mere support to agriculture is unsufficient to the provision of desirable development in backward regions and country. In other words - in this case the support to agriculture is a necessary, but not sufficient condition to performance development intentions. In any case it is necessary to strive after: 1/ the accession to the solution of problems ,,from bottom to lop, with greater competences and financial possibilities of communities and regions, at the expense of actual centralized approach; 2/ the better coordination of all resources which are able to utilize for the country development, the subsidy of the development of nonagricultural activities and the diversification of agricultural enterprises. Keywords: agriculture, problem districts, country, criteria, demographic structure, migration, unemployment, entrepreneurial activities Journal: Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis Pages: 19-24 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 1998 File-URL: http://acta.ef.jcu.cz/artkey/aub-199802-0003_demographic-structure-in-agriculturally-problem-districts-of-the-czech-republic.php File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.ef.jcu.cz/pdfs/aub/1998/02/03.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:boh:actaub:v:1:y:1998:i:2:p:19-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Krupková Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Title: Historical continuities of development of population in rural areas of selected regions Abstract: In the historical development of population from 1910 to 1991 the continual decrease of population was recorded in rural areas of districts Písek and Tábor. The greatest total decrease of population was recorded in the smallest settlements, it means in settlements up to 100 inhabitants while the smallest total decrease was recorded in the eargest settlements ( 501- 2 000 inhabitants). In the period of the last twenty years from 1970 up to 1991 there was even the slight increase recorded in settlements with more than 500 inhabitants in rural areas of districts Písek and Tábor. It is possible to note from the historical point of view of the last eighty years that rural settlements with not only agricultural activities of inhabitants - crafts, market, services, it means the biggest category of settlements with more than 500 inhabitants, were always the least influenced by the total decrease of population in historical perspective. Keywords: Rural settlements, increase/decrease of population, process of establishment of agricultural co-operatives, system of central settlement Journal: Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis Pages: 24-31 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 1998 File-URL: http://acta.ef.jcu.cz/artkey/aub-199802-0004_historical-continuities-of-development-of-population-in-rural-areas-of-selected-regions.php File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.ef.jcu.cz/pdfs/aub/1998/02/04.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:boh:actaub:v:1:y:1998:i:2:p:24-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslava Bjalkovová Author-Workplace-Name: ISŠ Obchodu služeb a podnikání Title: The select aspect O - T analysis in sphere business with flower Abstract: The sale of flowers has been rising in this country. The number of flowershops has been increasing, which means bigger competition. There are about 4 000 inhabitants per one florist's shop at present, in some towns even fewer. At the same time prices go up. Purchasing power of the population is rather lower in comparison with some other EU countries. Flower gardening and sale is little supported by the stale. Inclusion in higher V.A.T. and appropriate polities are sufficient proofs. In the Czech Republic there are a lot of specialists, who understand the problems of flower growing and sale. But there are no requests for qualification for enterprising in this field (growing, sale, dressing = laying out). Czech flower gardening and sale should be more supported as the present total consumption of flowers per year is according to specialists' calculations around 3 500 000 crowns. Keywords: sale of flowers, O-T analysis, legislature, education, competition, flowers consumption, EU Journal: Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis Pages: 31-38 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 1998 File-URL: http://acta.ef.jcu.cz/artkey/aub-199802-0005_the-select-aspect-o-t-analysis-in-sphere-business-with-flower.php File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.ef.jcu.cz/pdfs/aub/1998/02/05.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:boh:actaub:v:1:y:1998:i:2:p:31-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Maršík Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Author-Name: František Vebr Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Title: Forward contract - minimize the exchange risk Abstract: How can a Czech export (import) company hedge exchange risk? Some of the possibilities are these: 1/ use only CZK for foreign contracts; 2/ matching payments in the same or a parallel currency; 3/ use the products of the money markets; 4/ use the products of the forward market - FORWARD CONTRACT The forward market offers a forward contract to buy or sell a fixed amount of currency at a fixed price on a specific date in the future. The settlement of the contract is in more than two days. The export and import companies can then use the forward rate in this financial estimate (budged). The advantage of the forward contract for an exporter: The exporter is expecting cash flow (receipt) in DEM in 3 months that he wants to convert to CZK. The actual spot rate DEM/CZK is 19,00. The forward rate, which is due to be paid out in three months, is 19.617. The bank ensures to buy DEM from the exporter in three months aside from the spot rate in 3 months. The exporter use the forward contract for the hedging the risk of depreciation of the foreign currency against CZK. Keywords: market, rate, forward contract, forward points Journal: Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis Pages: 38-40 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 1998 File-URL: http://acta.ef.jcu.cz/artkey/aub-199802-0006_forward-contract-minimize-the-exchange-risk.php File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.ef.jcu.cz/pdfs/aub/1998/02/06.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:boh:actaub:v:1:y:1998:i:2:p:38-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jitka Červencová Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Title: Current situation by product advertising on the czech market Abstract: Advertising represents for producers the least expensive admission to an ample market and it enables to consumers to orient at the market. All advertising means serve to intensifying of the product sale or image of firm. The article describes current situation in the area of exquisite instruments of advertising and next a firm's deciding if it hires an advertising agency or if carries out advertising on their own - what advantages and risks result from the cooperation of the firm and the agency and on the contrary. Keywords: communications, promotion, public relations, advertising agency, promotions mix Journal: Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis Pages: 41-45 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 1998 File-URL: http://acta.ef.jcu.cz/artkey/aub-199802-0007_current-situation-by-product-advertising-on-the-czech-market.php File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.ef.jcu.cz/pdfs/aub/1998/02/07.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:boh:actaub:v:1:y:1998:i:2:p:41-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ladislav Skořepa Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Author-Name: Ladislav Rolínek Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Author-Name: Tomáš Glaser Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Title: Trends of distribution in South Bohemia Abstract: In the article, we describe some results of marketing research. We explored the situation on the food-market among the consumers in the district České Budějovice. The aims of research were to find the changes of consumer behavior and to describe the main factors, which influence it. We compared, why the consumers do shopping in the retail and in the supermarket. We found that the people more often do the long-term's, shopping in the supermarkets. The main reasons are: lower prices (answered yes 43 % respondents) and time saving (answered yes 26 %). The consumers choose the shop according to the lines, the atmosphere in the shop, the distance and its availability. Keywords: retail, supermarket, consumer behavior, do long-term's shopping Journal: Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis Pages: 45-51 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 1998 File-URL: http://acta.ef.jcu.cz/artkey/aub-199802-0008_trends-of-distribution-in-south-bohemia.php File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://acta.ef.jcu.cz/pdfs/aub/1998/02/08.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:boh:actaub:v:1:y:1998:i:2:p:45-51