Acta Univ. Bohem. Merid. 2023, 26(1):50-70 | DOI: 10.32725/acta.2023.0041213
REVISITING THE FINANCE-GROWTH NEXUS IN GHANA: EVIDENCE FROM THRESHOLD MODELLING
- 1 Sunyani Technical University, Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Business and Management Studies, Ghana
- 2 KNUST School of Business, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumas
- 3 Sunyani Technical University, Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Business and Management Studies, Ghana
This article examines the non-linearities in Ghana’s finance-growth nexus from 1960 to 2019. A non-linear relationship between finance and growth was established using Hansen’s sample-splitting technique. This suggests that finance contributes to growth only up to a certain level. Beyond that, any further financial development is likely to be detrimental to economic growth. Additionally, the study discovered that the threshold value is conditional on the proxy of finance employed. As a result, it is critical for Ghana to establish its own distinct financial development threshold and work within the optimal level for economic growth promotion and sustainability. This study adds to the body of knowledge by establishing a financial development threshold, which provides policymakers in Ghana with a clear direction for pursuing economic growth and financial development.
Keywords: Financial development; threshold; economic growth, Ghana
Received: December 16, 2022; Revised: March 3, 2023; Accepted: September 1, 2023; Prepublished online: September 4, 2023; Published: September 6, 2023 Show citation
| ACS | AIP | APA | ASA | Harvard | Chicago | Chicago Notes | IEEE | ISO690 | MLA | NLM | Turabian | Vancouver | 
References
- Adeniyi, O., Oyinlola, A., & Omisakin, O. (2015). Financial development and economic growth in Nigeria : Evidence from threshold modelling. Economic Analysis and Policy, 47, 11-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2015.06.003  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Adu, G., Marbuah, G., & Mensah, J. T. (2013). Financial development and economic growth in Ghana: Does the measure of financial development matter? Review of Development Finance, 3(4), 192-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2013.11.001  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Adusei, M. (2018). The finance - growth nexus : Does risk premium matter ? International of Finance and Economics, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1681  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Alaabed, A., & Masih, M. (2016). Finance-growth nexus: Insights from an application of threshold regression model to Malaysia's dual financial system. Borsa Istanbul Review, 16(2), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2016.01.004  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Anokye, A. M., & Frimpong, S. (2010). Does financial sector development cause investment and growth? empirical analysis of the case of Ghana (No. 39634).
- Arcand, J.-L., Berkes, E., & Panizza, U. (2012). Too Much Finance? IMF Working Papers, 12(161), 1-50. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475504668.001  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Asimakopoulos, S., Kim, J., & Zhu, X. (2019). Financial Development and Innovation-led Growth : Is Too Much Finance Better ? Journal of International Money and Finance, 1-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2019.102083  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Asteriou, D., & Spanos, K. (2019). The relationship between financial development and economic growth during the recent crisis : Evidence from the EU. Finance Research Letters, 28(May 2018), 238-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2018.05.011  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Bagehot, W. (1873). Lombard Street: A Description of the Money Market. McMaster University Archive for the History of Economic Thought.
- Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407-443. https://doi.org/10.2307/2937943  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Beck, T., Degryse, H., & Kneer, C. (2014). Is more finance better? Disentangling intermediation and size effects of financial systems. Journal of Financial Stability, 10(1), 50-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2013.03.005  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Benczúr, P., Karagiannis, S., & Kvedaras, V. (2019). Finance and economic growth : Financing structure and non-linear impact. Journal of Macroeconomics, 62, 103048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2018.08.001  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Bezemer, D., Grydaki, M., & Zhang, L. (2014). Credit Is What Credit Does : A Functional Differentiation of the Credit-Growth Relation. University of Groningen, 1-59.
- Botev, J., Égert, B., & Jawadi, F. (2019). The nonlinear relationship between economic growth and financial development: Evidence from developing, emerging and advanced economies. International Economics, 160(December 2017), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inteco.2019.06.004  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Bruno, M., & Easterly, W. (1998). Inflation crises and long-run growth. Journal of Monetary Economics, 41(1), 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3932(97)00063-9  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Cecchetti, S. G., & Kharroubi, E. (2012). Reassessing the impact of finance on growth. In BIS Working Paper (Issue February).
- Cetorelli, N., & Peretto, P. F. (2012). Credit quantity and credit quality : Bank competition and capital accumulation. Journal of Economic Theory, 147(3), 967-998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2012.01.006  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Cheng, Y. (2019). Study on the Relationship between Financial Development and Economic Growth. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 91, 191-195.  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Chien-Chiang, L., & Wong, S. Y. (2005). Inflationary Threshold Effects In the Relationship Between Financial Develoment and Economic Growth : Evidence from Taiwan and Japan. Journal of Economic Development, 30(1), 49-69.
- Chow, S. C., Vieito, J. P., & Wong, W. K. (2018). Do both demand-following and supply-leading theories hold true in developing countries? Physica A, 1-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2018.06.060  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Deidda, L., & Fattouh, B. (2002). Non-linearity between finance and growth. Economics Letters, 74, 339-345.  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Deltuvaitė, V., & Sinevièienė, L. (2014). Investigation of relationship between financial and economic development in the EU countries. Procedia Economics and Finance, 14(2009), 173-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00700-X  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Demirguc-Kunt, A., & Levine, R. (1999). Bank-Based and Market-Based Financial Systems : Cross-Country Comparisons (No. 2143; World Bank Policy Research Working, Issue 2143).
- Durlauf, S. N., Johnson, P. A., & Temple, J. R. W. (2005). Growth Econometrics. In P. Aghion & S. N. B. T.-H. of E. G. Durlauf (Eds.), Hanbook of Economic Growht (1st ed., Vol. 1, pp. 555-677). Elsevier. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0684(05)01008-7  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Eggoh, J. (2012). Inflation Effects on Finance-Growth Link : A Panel Smooth Threshold Approach. International Economic Journal, 26(4), 711-725. https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2011.631024  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Elliot, G., Rothenberg, T., & Stock, J. H. (1996). Efficient tests for an AR Unit Root. Econometrica, 64(4), 813-836.  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Feldman, M., Hadjimichael, T., & Lanahan, L. (2016). The logic of economic development: a definition and model for investment. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 34(1), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X15614653  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Fischer, S. (1993). The role of macroeconomic factors in growth. Journal of Monetary Economics, 32(3), 485-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(93)90027-D  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Goldsmith, R. W. (1969). Financial Structure and Development. Yale University Press.
- Graff, M., & Karmann, A. (2006). What determines the finance-growth nexus? Empirical evidence for threshold models. Journal of Economics/ Zeitschrift Fur Nationalokonomie, 87(2), 127-157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00712-005-0161-7  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Guru, B. K., & Yadav, I. S. (2019). Financial development and economic growth: panel evidence from BRICS. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 24(47), 113-126. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-12-2017-0125  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Hansen, B. E. (1999). Threshold effects in non-dynamic panels: Estimation, testing, and inference. Journal of Econometrics, 93(1999), 345-368.  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Hansen, B. E. (2000). Sample splitting and threshold estimation. Econometrica, 68(3), 575-603. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0262.00124  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Hou, H., & Cheng, S. (2017). Japan and the World Economy The dynamic effects of banking, life insurance, and stock markets on economic growth. Japan & The World Economy, 41, 87-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japwor.2017.02.001  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Hung, F.-S. S. (2009). Explaining the nonlinear effects of financial development on economic growth. Journal of Economics, 97(1), 41-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00712-008-0057-4  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Ibrahim, M., & Alagidede, P. (2018). Nonlinearities in financial development-economic growth nexus: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa. Research in International Business and Finance, 46(November 2017), 95-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.11.001  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Iyke, B. N., & Odhiambo, N. M. (2017). Inflationary Thresholds , Financial Development and Economic Growth : New Evidence from Two West African Countries. Global Economy Journal, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1515/gej-2016-0042  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Khan, M. S., & Senhadji, A. S. (2001). Threshold Effects in the Relationship between Inflation and Growth. IMF Staff Papers, 48(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451853339.001  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Khan, M. S., Senhadji, A. S., & Smith, B. D. (2006). Inflation and financial depth. Macroeconomic Dynamics, 10(2), 165-182. https://doi.org/10.1017.s1365100505050157  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- King, R. G., & Levine, R. (1993). Finance, entrepreneurship, and growth Theory and evidence. Journal of Monetary Economics, 32, 513-542.  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Law, S. H., Azman-Saini, W. N. W., & Ibrahim, M. H. (2013). Institutional quality thresholds and the finance - Growth nexus. Journal of Banking and Finance, 37(12), 5373-5381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.03.011  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Law, S. H., Singh, N., Hook, S., & Singh, N. (2014). Does too much finance harm economic growth? Journal of Banking and Finance, 41(1), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.12.020  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Levine, R. (1997). Financial Development and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda. Journal of Economic Literature, 35(2), 688-726. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-1678  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Levine, R. (2005). Finance and Growth: Theory and Evidence. In P. Aghion & S. Durlauf (Eds.), Handbook of Economic Growth (1st ed., Vol. 1, Issue 05, pp. 865-934). Elsevier. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0684(05)01012-9  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Levine, R., & Renelt, D. (1992). A Sensitivity Analysis of Cross-Country Growth Regressions. The American Economic Review, 82(4), 942-963.
- Masten, A. B., Coricelli, F., & Masten, I. (2008). Non-linear growth effects of financial development : Does financial integration matter ? Journal of International Money and Finance, 27, 295-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2007.12.009  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- McKinnon, R. I. (1973). Money and Capital in Economic Development. Brookings Institution Press.
- Meniago, C., & Asongu, S. A. (2018). Revisiting the finance-inequality nexus in a panel of African countries. Research in International Business and Finance, 46(April), 399-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2018.04.012  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Musamali, R. A., Nyamongo, E. M., & Moyi, E. D. (2014). The Relationship between Financial Development and Economic Growth in Africa. Research in Applied Economics, 6(2), 190-208. https://doi.org/10.5296/rae.v6i2.5226  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Nwakobi, P. C., Dorothy, C. O., & Ananwude, C. A. (2019). Effect of Financial Deepening on Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Time Series Appraisal (1986-2018). Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports, 7(3), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2019/v7i330181  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Nyasha, S., & Odhiambo, N. M. (2018). Finance-growth nexus revisited: Empirical evidence from six countries. Scientific Annals of Economics and Business, 65(3), 247-268. https://doi.org/10.2478/saeb-2018-0021  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Papageorgiou, C. (2006). Trade as a threshold variable for multiple regimes: Reply. Economics Letters, 91(3), 460-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2005.12.023  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Patrick, H. T. (1966). Financial Development and Economic Growth in Underdeveloped Countries. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 14(2), 174-189.  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Peprah, J. A., Ofori, I. K., Asomani, A. N., & Atta, J. (2019). Financial development , remittances and economic growth : A threshold analysis. Cogent Economics & Finance, 7(01), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2019.1625107  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Rioja, F., & Valev, N. (2004). Does one size fit all?: A reexamination of the finance and growth relationship. Journal of Development Economics, 74(2), 429-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2003.06.006  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Robinson, J. (1952). The rate of interest: and other essays. Macmillan.
- Rousseau, P. L., & Wachtel, P. (2002). Inflation Thresholds and the Finance-Growth Nexus. SSRN Electronic Journal, 21(6), 777-793. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.315967  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Rousseau, P. L., & Wachtel, P. (2011). What is Happening to the Impact of Financial Deepening on Economic Growth? Economic Inquiry, 49(1), 276-288. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2009.00197.x  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Rousseau, P. L., & Yilmazkuday, H. (2009). Inflation, financial development, and growth: A trilateral analysis. Economic Systems, 33(4), 310-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2009.06.002  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Ruiz-Vergara, J. (2017). Financial development, institutional investors, and economic growth. International Review of Economics and Finance, 54, 218-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2017.08.009  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Samargandi, N., Fidrmuc, J., & Ghosh, S. (2013). Is the Relationship between Financial Development and Economic Growth Monotonic for Middle Income Countries ? Is the Relationship between Financial Development and Economic. World Development, 68(13), 66-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.11.010  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Samargandi, N., Fidrmuc, J., & Ghosh, S. (2015). Is the Relationship Between Financial Development and Economic Growth Monotonic? Evidence from a Sample of Middle-Income Countries. World Development, 68(1), 66-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.11.010  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Schumpeter, J. A. (1911). Theory of Economic Development. Harvard University Press.
- Shahbaz, M., Hoang, T. H. van, Mahalik, M. K., & Roubaud, D. (2017). Energy Consumption, Financial Development and Economic Growth in India : New Evidence from a Nonlinear and Asymmetric Analysis (No. 76527; Issue 76527). https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/76527/  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Shaw, E. S. (1973). Financial Deepening in Economic Development. Oxford University Press.
- Smolo, E. (2018). Does Bank Concentration and Financial Development Contribute to the Economic Growth? Evidences from the OIC Countries. The Role of Islamic Financial Inclusion in Achieving Sustained Economic Growth and Poverty Alleviation in IsDB Member Countries, 1-40.
- Soedarmono, W., Hasan, I., & Arsyad, N. (2017). Non-linearity in the finance-growth nexus: Evidence from Indonesia. International Economics, 150, 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inteco.2016.11.003  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Solow, M. R. . (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65-94.  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Tobin, J. (1984). On the efficiency of the financial-system. Lloyds Bank Annual Review, 153(1984), 1-15.
- Tong, H. (1978). On a Threshold Model in Pattern Recognition and Signal Processing. In C. C (Ed.), Pattern Recognition and Signal Processing (pp. 575-586). Sijhoff and Noordhoff, Amsterdam.  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Tsaurai, K., & Makina, D. (2018). Financial Development Threshold Levels for FDI: Evidence from Selected Upper-Middle Income Countries. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3020051  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Uddin, G. S., Sjö, B., & Shahbaz, M. (2013). The causal nexus between financial development and economic growth in Kenya. Economic Modelling, 35(June 2011), 701-707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.08.031  Go to original source... Go to original source...
- Ugwuanyi, C. U., Odo, S. I., & Ogbonna, B. (2015). Impact of Financial Development Indicators on Economic Growth In Nigeria , 1980 - 2013. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 6(24), 79-83. https://doi.org/2222-2855
- Yang, F. (2019). The impact of financial development on economic growth in middle-income countries. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 59, 74-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2018.11.008  Go to original source... Go to original source...
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

